What are your thoughts on divorce and remarriage? What do you think the bible teaches on these issues? I recently scanned William J. Webb’s book Slaves, Women & Homosexuals in which he discusses a redemptive hermeneutic. In short, he points out that the revelation of God in the Scripture was progressive when it comes to dealing with the abuses of slaves and women in comparison to the then current societies and cultures. He handles homosexuality differently. Briefly, he seems to suggest that Scripture is timelessly consistent in its condemnation of homosexuality. The conclusion begs the question, “Do we continue this progressive, redemptive hermeneutic, or did the Scripture take it as far as it needed to go?” I would like ask whether we could place divorce and remarriage in such a discussion?

This post came to my mind while I was doing some work in the Apostolic Fathers. Read what is written here in The Shepherd of Hermas, and happy blogging! I look forward to our discussion:

Shep. 29:1 ¶ {Mandate 4.1.1} “I command you,” he said, “to guard purity, and let no thought enter your heart about another man’s wife or about fornication, or about some such similar evil thing, for in doing this you commit a major sin. But always keep your mind on your own wife and you will never go wrong.
Shep. 29:2 For if this desire enters your heart, you will go wrong, and if others things as evil as this enter, you commit sin. For this desire in a servant of God is a major sin, and if anyone does this evil deed, he brings death on himself.
Shep. 29:3 So beware; have nothing to do with this desire; for where holiness lives, there lawlessness ought not to enter the heart of a righteous man.”
Shep. 29:4 I said to him, “Sir, allow me to ask you a few more questions.” “Speak,” he replied. “Sir,” I said, “if a man has a wife who believes in the Lord, and he finds her in some adulterous situation, does the man sin if he continues to live with her?”
Shep. 29:5 “As long as he is unaware of it,” he said, “he does not sin. But if the husband knows about her sin and the wife does not repent, but persists in her immorality, and the husband continues to live with her, he becomes responsible for her sin and an accomplice in her adultery.”
Shep. 29:6 “So what, sir,” I said, “should the husband do, if the wife persists in this passion?” “Let him divorce her,” he said, “and let the husband live by himself. But if after divorcing his wife he should marry another, then he too commits adultery.”
Shep. 29:7 “So then, sir,” I said, “if, after the wife is divorced, she repents and wants to return to her own husband, she will be taken back, won’t she?”
Shep. 29:8 “Certainly,” he said. “If the husband does not take her back, he sins, and brings a major sin upon himself. In fact, the one who has sinned and repented must be taken back. But not repeatedly: for there is only one repentance for God’s servants. So, because of the possibility of her repentance, the husband ought not to marry. This procedure applies to wife and husband.

Wednesdays are my true hump days. I get up and get to school by 8:30 for a 2 hour lecture on the history books of Israel and the wisdom books. Then I have a small group meeting through lunch followed by a class on Greek Exegesis. All of this is before 2:30. Then, I review Hebrew and attend the Student Ministry Staff meeting. Afterwards, I have a class on Soteriology that lasts from 6:45-9:30. Needless to say, I am busy on Wednesdays.

When I signed up for the class, I thought that it would be a refreshing course since last semester I took a class on Angelology, Anthropology, and Hamartiology (Angels, Man, and Sin). The class was great and my professor was very thorough. But, as the name suggests, I left the class feeling depressed most days. All the discussion regarding the world’s condition and the universe’s perpetual state of darkness apart from God can be very–how should I say–disheartening. So, a class on Salvation was a way to move past the problem to the solution.

It’s been great so far. My professor is in his 80’s, has already retired, and is back for a short season while the seminary gets out of its financial crunch. Yet, I have found him to be delightful and his enthusiasm for the content gives me a boost to endure the late hour class. One thing he said is what I’d like to reflect on for the moment and I hope that these short words can lift the spirits of all who read, and encourage you to pursue the living Christ more and more each day.

“Don’t ever get over being saved,” Dr. Robert Lightner says. Read that again. This time, say it. Isn’t that convicting! On our best days, I think we easily acknowledge that we “aren’t over it.” But on our worst days, I think we don’t even get close to remembering the depths of God’s love for us. The reality is that it’s easy to get over it. We like the material, the visible, and the immediate. God saves us and…we’re still here, living with the same family, going to the same school, and hanging out with the same friends. And if you got saved while you were young, then you figure that church is a way of life and that your salvation is part of life. But, it’s not. There are some who aren’t saved. There are some that will not be saved. Every one of us, needs to be reminded that salvation was a gift that we were given. Everyone of us needs to be reminded that we can’t ever let this gift seem blasé. It means too much to “get over.”

Everyone one us was on the “unsaved” side of the aisle, at one point in time. Whether you were there for 5, 10, or 50 years, doesn’t matter. That was our starting line. We lost the race before we even began. Romans 1-3 tells us that we were all “under sin,” and this section of the book appropriately labeled Condemnation ends with this fact about us “There is no fear of God in their eyes.” Everyone’s starting point is here. My starting point was here. The result: condemnation. Guilty and sentenced.

But, this is so easy to forget. It’s easy to forget that a sentence must be carried out. To be saved means to be rescued from having to fulfill this sentence. In a world filled with trials and appeals, we fail to remember that in God’s judicial system, the trial was finished and decided before we were done! Our sins are punishable by death! Oh, how miserable we were and destined for an eternity of fulfilling this sentence in hell!

Spend some time this week considering the miserable estate that we were in. As Paul says in Ephesians 2:11-22. We were without hope and without God in the world. In this passage, Paul reflects (really for our sake) on who we were before God. Think about those words, “without hope and without God, in the world,” and think about how that doesn’t describe you anymore. Take a week and reflect. Remember, “Don’t ever get over being saved.”

It was a long day of study and intellectual exercise. That afternoon I had caught up as best I could with Greek homework, conducted an inquiry into the nature of the command in Genesis 9:6, and encountered the theological implications of Proverbs 3:1-2. Needless to say, it was a long day and I desperately anticipated a good night’s sleep.

But before I lay my head on the pillow, I decided to finish up my reading of the gospel of Mark. I was in chapter 14 and figured that I would be done in about 20 minutes, so a short devotional seemed appropriate to end such a work filled day.

As I began reading, the first verse of 14 struck an emotional chord. It reads, “Now the Passover and Unleavened Bread were two days away; and the chief priests and the scribes were seeking how to seize [Christ] by stealth and kill him.” After His prophetic sermon, Mark inserts a parenthetical, shifting the attention away from Christ to his enemies’ visceral plot against Him. These men are not interested in learning from this great Man, nor are they interested in receiving the life He’s offered. In contrast, their aim is to destroy Him in an underhanded way; they want to get to Him “by stealth.” This is the backdrop to everything that unfolds in the narrative.

Then, for the remainder of the gospel, attention shifts from the Christ’s office as Prophet to His office as Priest. Christ as the ultimate sacrifice is the great Mediator between God and humanity. The job description: die in my place. Before the Passover, we encounter a woman who inaugurates His impending death. She pours a bottle of perfume upon His head. Jesus calls this, “She has anointed My body beforehand for the burial.” Imagine that! It’s the equivalent of being measured for my casket before I am dead! Or, it’s like asking me to pick out my own tombstone and write my own epitaph before I actually stop breathing! We all know that we will die some day, yet never “when.” Here Christ knows not only the time, but even the manner. He courageously faces the call of God and obeys death. The events preceding His death accentuate the fact that He is going to die. He succinctly says, “This is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many.” This blood is being shed in my place. Jesus Christ is giving up His life, substituting Himself for me.

The next couple of pages are drenched in our Savior’s blood. We see Him being pummeled and led to execution by the Romans at the request of the people. He receives the punishment of a criminal, being crucified with them. He is treated like the worst of men and yet never returns insult for insult, nor does He promise impending judgment. Surely He could have and we might say that He should have. We would have, wouldn’t we? We would say something like, “Don’t you know who you are dealing with?” Or we would say (like Bill Cosby), “I brought you into this world and I’ll take you out!” Yet, Christ did not do this. He “entrusted Himself to Him who deals justly.”

I must admit, that I wondered at the graphic representation of the crucifixion. Surely today we wouldn’t allow our kids to watch a movie like this! Yet, I think that there is an emotional effect at such a representation. You read about the plot to kill this Man. You see the hypocrisy of those that accuse Him and you see the blood dripping from His body. His blood indeed is “poured out.” In all of this, we’re meant to step back and be in awe of the Man who could have avoided this. He didn’t die for His crime. He died for ours. We’re meant to be hit with an emotional blow that leaves us speechless, reverent, and perhaps even in tears.

The narrative leaves us with a picture of the “Son of Man” hanging on a cross, being held up by the spikes piercing His hands. How counterintuitive! “Son of Man” was a phrase of honor and power. This was supposed to God’s man who conquered evil and any force that opposed God. He is the wielder of supreme authority and has the right to judge all His enemies. Yet, we see quite the opposite. We witness Him being accused by evil men, standing speechless, meek, and gentle. However, as we observe this blameless One, we grow in our love for Him, amazed, like Pilate was, at the strength and perseverance to accomplish God’s will.

Our Savior mediated the will of the Father, and His will was to save the world. We read, “God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten son…” The means of doing so was the sacrifice of His Son. The Son obediently mediated this aspect of the Father’s will. He endured the pain and suffering of the cross’s execution. He persevered courageously and was raised on the third day to demonstrate the Father’s good pleasure in His good work.

As I sat up in bed, I realized how weak I am. My tendency is to avoid the pains of the cross as religiously as I can. I looked back at all those times I could have shared Christ or been identified with Him. Sometimes I endured and obeyed God; other times, I cringed and failed. Yet our Savior, knowing both the time and manner of death gave up His life in my place. Despite the pain, He obeyed God and stood up valiantly. In the end, He wins, is glorious, and is worthy of imitation. One day, we’ll see Him in all His glory and splendor as He said. “You shall see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of Power and coming with the clouds of heaven.” Until that day, imitate Him and follow His example. Remember that He did it first. Let us imitate the glorious Christ.

One of my favorite books is Don Quixote de La Mancha. This book is hilarious and intriguing, and assuming that you can make it through second book (there are two parts), you will finish the book with a sense of time well spent. In it we find a man who desires to live in a different era other than the one he in which he lives. Having engrossed himself in books that speak of knights, princesses, mistresses, wizards, and the like, he decides to leave his lifestyle of mediocrity and normalcy and become the self proclaimed Don Quixote, knight extraordinaire. Throughout the narrative, we see Don Quixote doing whatever he can in order to fulfill his knightly duties: having an official knighting ceremony, battling magicians, and saving damsels. However, throughout all his fantastic (perhaps insane) exploits (in the second book he fights a series of windmills. Yep, windmills), the determining factor in his actions is honor. He holds himself to a standard of nobility that is fitting for a knight, deciding on courses of action by considering that which is honorable. Even his squire, Sancho Panza, gets reproved when not adhering to the standard. Throughout the book, we definitely get a sense that Don Quixote desires to not only enjoy the benefits of knighthood, but also adhere to the quality of life fitting for a knight: a life of honor.

But what is honorable? Transporting to the 21^st century, we find that the life that Don Quixote engrossed in no longer exists. We can’t save distressed damsels or fight evil wizards. We can’t save the princess and save her kingdom (Princess Toadstool doesn’t count). So, in our day and age, what is a lifestyle of honor?

Well, let me propose, that what I am about to write isn’t really a new or revised characterization of honor. But it is God’s view of what an honorable man lives like. Above all, God’s view of honor must pervade our caricatures of what we think nobility is. The truth is that left to choose for ourselves, we never choose the things that God is pleased to bless. Nevertheless, our discussion of honor is neither comprehensive nor is it complete, but it is an aspect of honorable living that is from God. Being found in His Word, we can be sure of its truth and its applicability.

Proverbs 20:3 says this, “Keeping away from strife is an honor for a man, but any fool will quarrel.” The first half of this verse seems counterintuitive for a man. People are not prone to “back down” or “keep away.” In fact, we are told quite the opposite while growing up. People must try to be the silverback gorilla in the pack if they’re going to survive. Standing tall is the only way to promote yourself and if someone opposes you, you must beat them to the punch. Our families and societies tell us that the only way to get ahead is by proactively fighting our opponents. And even if this is not your experience, it’s hard to deny the inner turmoil that develops whenever we are opposed. We have a need to fight!

But perhaps the most indicting thought of this verse comes in the second verse, “any fool will quarrel.” Fool? We don’t like this word; perhaps because we don’t use it anymore. Yet, the convicting thing is that in a biblical world-view (a lens through we view the world), the word “fool” or the corresponding adjective “foolish” are in the vocabulary. You see, in God’s eyes a person is either “wise” or is a “fool.” A fool is someone that lives contrary to God’s order in the universe, and the wise man (or woman) is someone that lives faithfully in line with God’s “way of the world,” letting His way dictate their own.

The fool lives according to his own passions and “know how.” Notice that what would be our first response is foolish. That urge to fight back and win isn’t from God; it is the way of our own passions and, in the eyes of God, is foolish! Oh, that my life would be non-quarrelsome!

What a contrast! The way of honor is contrary to a fool’s way! If we are to live as wise individuals, we will live seeking to make peace before we seek to fight back. This is difficult and counterintuitive because of the world’s relational paradigm. “Bite or get bitten.” “If you right, fight!” These slogans should not be the banners flown by the Christian. Our personalities should carry the aroma of peace and our life should reflect the epitome of self-control: our Lord Jesus Christ.

As we read in the gospels, Jesus rarely confronted his opponents, even though they sought to kill Him and smear His character. Peter says it this way, “And while being reviled, He did not revile in return; while suffering He uttered no threats, but kept entrusting Himself to Him who judges righteously (I Peter 2:23).” Our Example did it well and, in His perfect obedience, lived the supreme life of wisdom and honor.

Honor isn’t a character trait lost through the eras of human development. The golden age didn’t bury nobility with it and the 21^st century isn’t an age inappropriate for a life of honor. Unlike Don Quixote, we can live in the present age, enjoy the stage of life in which we are, and appreciate the developments brought about by the industrial/technological revolution. Living a life of honor is accomplished by fighting less and self-controlling more. Its lived by avoiding discord and promoting peace. With this comes the blessing of God and the removal of foolishness. Let us choose the way of honor.

John chapter 4 tells the story of a Samaritan woman who was approached by Jesus. This is a familiar story to most and therefore, sadly, we often grow contempt at the truths presented in this particular segment of the narrative. However, it is my aim that with the following, we will grow in appreciation for the rich theological propositions that our Lord is making regarding eternal satisfaction.

Of first importance is the necessity of the interaction that took place. Verse 4 reads that Jesus “had to pass” through Samaria. While the language suggests that a physical limitation impeded Him from going around Samaria as was customary, the Greek text literally means that “it was necessary” for Him to pass through that place. This language has more of an implication for Jesus’ personal motivation for crossing through Samaria. It was in accordance with Jesus personal mission for Him to pass through Samaria. Given His Deity He alone could have known that He was going to interact with an adulterous woman, but in any case, we understand later on in the text that He was satisfied in doing the work that the Father had ordained for Him. This “necessity” had to have arisen from His personal intention to obey the Father’s will and accomplish His work.

Secondly, but not to belabor the point (as has been done in the past), it is necessary to take note of the inspired text which says, “For Jews have no dealings with Samaritans (vs 9).” John’s gospel was written as a testimonial for the entire world to believe in Jesus as Christ and as God (20:31). In John’s presentation, we also see the true condition of mankind as “loving darkness” (3:19) and as “under judgment” (3:18). Thus, as Paul picks up later, men are naturally God’s enemies and are hostile to Him (Ro 8:7). So, this detail is not only a detail reflecting the relationship that Samaritans had with Jews, but is representative of God and man lacking fellowship apart from Christ. Therefore, we see that Jesus Christ is a “bridge builder” in that He ultimately builds the bridge between humanity and God, connecting the two forever.

Finally, we learn more about what Jesus Christ offers us if we only believe in Him. In verse 10 He states that there is a gift that is tied to His own person. He says, “If you knew the gift of God, and who it is who says to you, ‘Give me a drink,’ you would have asked Him, and He would have given you living water (italics mine).” Notice that she is ignorant not only of who He is, but also of what He has to offer. This is the recipe of evangelism. It is telling people of who Jesus is and telling them what He offers. But, if we are to do this, we must be experiencing what Jesus Christ offers. We can’t give what we don’t have. But what does He offer?

Verse 14 gives us the answer. He says, “but whoever drinks of the water that I will give him shall never thirst; but the water that I will give him will become in him a well of water springing up to eternal life.” First, He says that what He offers will completely satisfy us. We usually don’t speak in absolutes like “always and never” because we understand that we are limited and that there is “always an exception.” However, God doesn’t need to reserve His words because He knows the end from the beginning as well as having the ability to accomplish anything that conforms to His good and pleasing will. Thus, when Jesus says “never” He speaks with the authority of God because of His deity. But interestingly enough the Greek rendering of this text literally says, “They will in no way thirst forever.” Jesus negates any possibility of having thirst once we receive His gift and then adds the “forever” right at the end so that we get an idea of this gift’s duration: forever!

Continuing, He also makes a promise that the water which He gives will become, literally “a fountain” that springs up to eternal life. This gift is the promise of the Holy Spirit. John will make this clear later on in 7:38-39. This is perhaps one of the most neglected aspects of the Christian life. There is a joy that is found in the indwelling Holy Spirit and a satisfaction that comes from a relationship with God aided by His presence in our lives. The apostles call this a gift and it is Jesus who says that He will send Him once He ascended to heaven (16:7). This is the comforter that would not be confined to a body but could dwell in each and every one that believes in Jesus. He is the presence of God in our lives, who invites us to fellowship with God through Jesus Christ.

This is the gift that Jesus offers us. It is the gift of His Spirit. When we believe in Him, we will not thirst because of the forever abiding Holy Spirit who loves us and will be in us. Let us press on to know Jesus Christ and trust in the Holy Spirit’s presence in our lives. John is making his case about how only Jesus Christ can satisfy our thirst for God. Let’s continually look to Him for it.